An inside look at the degas bronze sculptures
The Art Institute of Chicago is holding a special exhibition of the artist's bronze sculptures. The exhibition brings together illustrations from various locations, giving visitors an insight into Degas as an artist. It also provides an overview of his work, interests and reputation during the 19th century. The exhibition will run until June, but is currently scheduled to travel to Brazil. Other venues are also being approached. Here are a few things you need to know about the artist and his bronze sculptures.
74 waxes were found in his studio
The 74 Degas bronze statue waxes were found in his studio after the artists death in 1917. The first discoveries of these waxes were made in 1919, but Degas never supervised the bronze casting process, and these bronzes were cast decades after his death. In the end, the 74 waxes were never signed by Degas, nor were the bronzes attributed to him. Degas preferred to work with clay and wax and his bronzes were cast decades after his death from stroke in 1917. The lost wax process was used to cast the bronzes, which were then covered with plaster and clay and poured into a cold gelatine mould.
The 74 waxes are not authentic Degas bronzes, but they do provide clues as to the date of these works. The dancer looking at the sole of her right foot, which was found in his studio, was executed around 1910. The sculptors' model had written in a letter to Degas in 1910 that it was difficult to maintain the pose that was inscribed in the plaster.
They were thrown into Hebrard
The degas wax sculptures have been the subject of considerable debate regarding their authenticity, but art historians generally consider the works at the Hebrard foundry to be authentic. In fact, more than half of the 74 Degas sculptures created there have been lost and cannot be recovered. In the wake of Degas Death, the respected Parisian foundry owned by Adrien-Aaurelien Hebrard began throwing out bronzes of the wax sculptures. They continued until 1936, when the global economic meltdown closed the foundry.
The exhibition catalogue for the sculptures de dégagement has been published in French. The catalogue contains six essays, including an illustrated section of the works on display. The introductory essay by Bruno Gaudichon discusses the history of the Hébrard foundry and the influence of the artists on subsequent generations. In addition, there is an essay by Anne Pingeot focusing on the distinction between a painter and a sculptor.
They were exhibited at the Salon in 1881
One of the earliest examples of a Degas bronze sculpture was Ballet Dancer, exhibited in the Salon des Indépendants in 1881. Degas's attempt to depict ballet dancers in bronze proved unsuccessful, however. Critics considered the work immoral and the artist hid it for 30 years. It was discovered after his death and now resides in the National Gallery of Art in Washington.
While the original degas sculptures are fragile, their armatures were insufficient. He changed his mind several times and Bartholome was able to improvise and make repairs to his works before they were cast in bronze. Hebrard, the founder of the foundry, seems to have been meticulous in reproducing Degas Originals. Some of these bronzes are complete.
They were sold between 30,000 $ and 50,000 $
Some of the bronze sculptures by Edgar Degas recently sold for over $40 million. The most expensive sculpture ever sold at Christies was a $41.6 million bronze of a young ballerina with a ribbon in her hair. But despite the price, it is not the original sculpture in the National Gallery of Art. The bronze is a replica of the cast by Adrien-Aaurelien Hebrard, who made the bronze 10 years after the artists death.
Despite the high price, this work has also received several awards and features in the top ten best-selling collections on the world auction market. One of the artist's most famous works was The Little Dancer, which sold for 41.6 million dollars at Christies. The sculpture was originally created in wax and Degas coloured the wax to resemble real flesh. He also dressed the statue in real clothes and put the model on a stand. The wax sculpture was not cast in bronze until after Degas' death. But most of the bronze casts are in museums around the world.
They were withdrawn from the market before 1955
The fate of the original wax figures of Edgar Degas' famous dancer is a mystery. The artist created the wax figures to make moulds for bronze casts, and it is not known where they ended up after the 1920s. What's more, no one knows what happened to them before the 1956 sale. The history of these sculptures during the artists' lives is cloudy, and decades of study by Degas specialists have yet to shed any light on these issues.
The Hebrard family decided to sell the bronzes in series. The heirs finally reached an agreement with Degas, but were unable to sell him for the original price. In the end, Mrs Havemeyer refused to accept her first offer of 40,000 francs. Despite this impasse, a new owner took possession of the sculptures and paid for the work.
These are not definitive proofs
While tutu artists were an important feature of the bronze statues, the costume was not original to each sculpture. In fact, the tutu on a sculpture in the Metropolitan Museum of Art has been remade and is no longer recognisable as the original. The museums' reconstruction was based on posthumous costumes, but it does not prove that any particular costume was a degas creation.
They are cast from plasters made from original waxes
The ethical guidelines of the Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD) state that the reprinting of original works of art by an artist who died in 1917 is an infringement of his copyright. The Association of Art Museum Directors has endorsed these ethical guidelines and believes that reproductions made of original waxworks are not art. In addition, the AAMD guidelines state that any museum exhibiting Degas sculptures must fully disclose whether the replicas are genuine sculptures or copies.